What are periodontal fibers?

The periodontal ligament, commonly abbreviated as the PDL, is a group of specialized connective tissue fibers that essentially attach a tooth to the alveolar bone within which it sits. It inserts into root cementum one side and onto alveolar bone on the other.

What are the types of gingival fibers?

Eleven different gingival fiber groups comprise the CT attachment zone observed around a natural tooth and tissue: dentogingival (coronal, horizontal, and apical), alveologingival, intercapillary, transgingival, circular, semicircular, dentoperiosteal, transseptal, periosteogingival, intercircular, and intergingival.

What are principal fibers of periodontal ligament?

The main principal fiber group is the alveolodental ligament, which consists of five fiber subgroups: alveolar crest, horizontal, oblique, apical, and interradicular on multirooted teeth. Principal fibers other than the alveolodental ligament are the transseptal fibers.

What is the periodontal membrane?

periodontal membrane, also called Periodontal Ligament, fleshy tissue between tooth and tooth socket that holds the tooth in place, attaches it to the adjacent teeth, and enables it to resist the stresses of chewing.

What is periodontal tissue made of?

Periodontal tissues include four defined structures: gingiva, cementum, alveolar bone, and the periodontal ligament. The following landmarks are crucial to the understanding of the support structures of the tooth and the aetiopathogenesis of periodontal disease.

What are Sharpey's Fibres?

Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong predominantly type I collagen fibres connecting periosteum to bone.

What is the main cause of periodontal disease?

Overview. Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It's typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to build up on the teeth and harden.

What is fenestration and dehiscence?

Fenestration is the condition, in which the bony coverage of the root surface is lost, and the root surface is only covered by the periosteum and gingiva. In such lesions, marginal bone is intact. When this bone defect spreads toward the marginal bone, it is called dehiscence.[1]

Do periodontal ligaments heal?

Allowing the tooth to adapt to the forces from habits such as bruxism (tooth grinding), the PDL enlarges when the tooth begins to move or loosen. After the forces on the tooth have diminished, the periodontal ligament will heal and decrease the tooth mobility.

What are the most numerous periodontal ligament fibers?

3- Oblique fibers group: These fibers represent the most numerous type in the pdl. They are running from the cementum in an oblique direction to insert in the alveolar bone coronally.

What are the principal fiber groups?

These groups of fibers are referred to as principal fibers and are grouped into: a gingival fiber group (fibers that do not insert into alveolar bone). These include gingival fibers (G), circumferential fibers (not shown) and transseptal fibers (T).

What is the name for the periodontal ligament fibers that are embedded in cementum and bone?

Transgingival fibers: fibers that run between two non-adjacent teeth. The fibers are embedded in the cementum of their proximal surfaces and pass around the tooth in the middle of the two teeth attached with these fibers.

What is the function of apical fibers?

They attach apical to the horizontal fibers and run diagonally toward the crown of the tooth inserting to the alveolar bone there. Because they are the most numerous, these fibers are believed to be primarily responsible in absorbing the chewing forces on the tooth. They are hence the main support of the tooth.

What is the function of periodontal ligament?

The principal functions of the periodontal ligament are to support the teeth, generate the force of tooth eruption and provide sensory information about tooth position and forces to facilitate reflex jaw activity during chewing movements.

What kind of tissue is gum?

gum, also called gingiva, plural gingivae, in anatomy, connective tissue covered with mucous membrane, attached to and surrounding the necks of the teeth and adjacent alveolar bone.

What kind of bacteria is present with gingivitis?

Taxa associated with gingivitis included Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies polymorphum, Lachnospiraceae [G-2] species HOT100, Lautropia species HOTA94, and Prevotella oulorum (a species of Prevotella bacterium), whilst Rothia dentocariosa was associated with periodontal health.

What does periodontal ligament pain feel like?

The ligaments in a patient's tooth usually get damaged from too much pressure or a hard bite on sharp food. Recklessly eating sharp food can also cause a person's gums to bleed. In most cases, patients feel a sharp pain in their teeth that resembles a common toothache.

How do you fix stretched periodontal ligaments?

Teeth loosened through injury can be treated with splinting. A small, flexible splint stabilizes the tooth so periodontal ligaments have the chance to heal. A dentist will cement the splint to both sides of the tooth and leave it there for a couple of weeks.

How long does it take for periodontal ligament to heal?

A period of 2 to 3 weeks is usually sufficient in case of trauma to the periodontal ligament. If the trauma to the periodontal ligament is associated with bone fracture, 3 to 4 weeks are recommended.

What is GTR membrane?

GTR uses a resorbable or non-resorbable artificial membranes to keep soft tissue from growing into these defective sites.

What is root dehiscence?

Dehiscence are isolated areas in which root is denuded of bone and root surface is covered by periosteum and overlying gingiva but the denuded are extends through the Marginal Bone. In Dehiscence there is no bone on one side of it (coronally) and is measured with the use of graduated periodontal probe.

What is Nabers probe?

Description: Naber's Probe is Modification in Marquis Probe. As marquis has straight tip but the naber's has curved working end for accessing the furcation end. It is used to determine the extent of furcation involvement on a multi rooted teeth.

What are the 4 stages of periodontal disease?

The four stages of periodontal disease

• Stage 1: Gingivitis. ...
• Stage 2: Slight Periodontal Disease. ...
• Stage 3: Moderate Periodontal Disease. ...
• Stage 4: Advanced Periodontal Disease. ...
• What are the symptoms of periodontal disease?

Does periodontal disease go away?

Periodontitis can't be reversed, only slowed down, while gingivitis can be reversed. This is why it's important to catch it in its early stages and prevent it from moving on to periodontitis. Below are some ways you can reverse gingivitis so it doesn't progress into something more serious.

Is periodontal disease serious?

Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that can lead to tooth loss and other serious health complications. Periodontitis (per-e-o-don-TIE-tis), also called gum disease, is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and, without treatment, can destroy the bone that supports your teeth.