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Which is better for deer hunting 12-gauge or 20-gauge?

Author

Emily Sparks

Published Jan 13, 2026

Go with 12-Gauge or Larger for Deer

This means most hunters will be best served by a 12-gauge. 16-gauges gauges can get the job done, and 20-gauge shotguns are easier for smaller hunters, but almost every deer hunter during shotgun season is toting a 12-gauge shotgun, while some will go even larger with a 10-gauge.

Is a 20 gauge slug more accurate than a 12 gauge?

There's not a lot of difference between the two, and both have more than enough power to humanely take deer size game out to about 200 yards. And thanks to the differences in slug diameter, both offer comparable trajectories.

How accurate is a 20 gauge rifled slug?

Designed to be shot from a rifled barrel, the sabot slug is accurate out to about 200 yards from a gun that's built to promote accuracy: with a scope, a tight action, and a bedded stock.

Which is more powerful a 12 gauge or 20 gauge shotgun?

A 12 gauge shotgun load is heavier and delivers more power than 20 gauge ammo does. As a result, a 12 gauge is typically better equipped to take larger game. You do sacrifice some things for that power 12 gauge shotguns have more recoil than 20 gauge and the firearm itself is more of a burden to carry.

What is a 20 gauge shotgun good for?

20-gauge shotguns are especially suitable for hunting game birds such as quail, grouse, turkey, and other game when using shot shells. A 20-gauge can also shoot slugs and buckshot and thereby become an effective deer-hunting gun.

19 related questions found

Can you use a 20 gauge shotgun for deer hunting?

20 Gauge - Of all the smaller shotguns, the 20 gauge is the most common, ranking right behind the 12 gauge in popularity. With lighter weight and less recoil than a 12 gauge, the 20 gauge shotgun excels at upland and small game hunting. You'll have your pick of gun types and ammunition.

What's the difference between 20-gauge and 12-gauge?

The difference between 12 and 20-gauge shotguns is their bore diameter. A 12 gauge has a bore diameter of 0.729” compared to 0.615” for 20 gauge. This means that a 12 gauge can fire larger payloads of buckshot at higher muzzle velocity at the cost of higher felt recoil.

What happens if you put a 20-gauge shell in a 12 gauge shotgun?

Smaller shotshells (such as 20-gauge shells), if mistakenly fed into a 12-gauge gun, will slip past the chamber and lodge in the barrel, causing serious personal injury or gun damage if a 12-gauge shell is loaded and fired.

Is a 20-gauge powerful?

It's always been overshadowed by the more popular and more powerful 12 gauge, but there's nothing wrong with relying on a 20 gauge shotgun to defend your home. At close range, 20 gauge buckshot is typically just as effective as 12 gauge, but it can have a lot less recoil.

Why is 12 gauge so popular?

The 12 gauge is so popular because it's powerful enough to hunt most species of game, but the recoil of a 12 gauge is much more manageable than the 10 gauge. A 12 gauge shell also has advantage over the smaller gauges because it has a shorter shot column.

What is the best slug for deer hunting?

10 Best New Deer Hunting Cartridges and Slugs for 2019

  • 1 | Winchester Deer Season XP in 350 Legend. ...
  • 10 | Browning Buckshot. ...
  • 9 | Winchester Deer Season Slug. ...
  • 8 | Browning Rifled Slug. ...
  • 7 | Federal Premium Berger Hybrid Hunter. ...
  • 6 | Federal Premium Barnes TSX. ...
  • 5 | Hornady Outfitter Ammunition.

What shotgun round is best for deer hunting?

Best 12 Gauge Ammo for Deer Hunting

Aptly named buckshot is ideal for hunting deer including whitetail and elk. 00 buckshot, frequently referred to as double-aught, is the most popular at . 33” in diameter. Such lead balls possess the weight and thus momentum needed to penetrate to a larger target's vital organs.

Is a 12-gauge slug good for deer hunting?

Slugs are perfect for larger game, like deer. You can also hunt larger game with a 20-gauge shotgun, but the 12-gauge provides more power with honestly only a little bit more kick. Many hunters regularly kill deer and other large game with a 20-gauge, but I'd suggest a 12-gauge over a 20-gauge.

What is the effective range of a 20 gauge slug?

Now, understand the 260-grain AccuTip slug, or any other 20-gauge slug, is well beyond its effective range — in fact, bereft of lethal energy — at 250 yards.

How powerful is a 20 gauge slug?

The Federal 20-gauge shotshell was loaded with the Barnes Tipped Expander slug. Federal lists the muzzle velocity at an impressive 1,900 fps from a 30-inch test barrel.

How powerful is a 12-gauge slug?

A 1 oz. (437.5 grain) 2 3/4-inch Foster 12 gauge shotgun slug achieves a velocity of approximately 1,560 fps with a muzzle energy of 2,363 ft. lbs. 3-inch slugs travel at around 1,760 fps with a muzzle energy of 3,105 ft-lbs.

Can a 12 gauge shoot 20 gauge?

There is no way you can put a 12 gauge shotgun shell in a 20 gauge shotgun, however, it is possible to load a 20 gauge shotgun shell in a 12 gauge shotgun. Where the danger comes in is the 20 gauge shell will drop down into the barrel of the 12 gauge and stick, and then a 12 gauge shotgun shell will chamber.

Is 410 or 20 gauge better?

Many experts say that a 20-gauge shotgun is a better beginner's gun because it also has relatively gentle recoil but fires more shot per shell than the smaller-diameter . 410-caliber. When compared to my 12-gauge, the 20-gauge delivers 75% of the lead with a recoil that is 40-50% less.

When firing a handgun How far away should you hold it from your body?

When firing a handgun, how far away should you hold it from your Body? At an arm's length. You just studied 22 terms!

What is the term for continuing to squeeze the trigger?

Follow Through: After the bullet fires, it's important to continue the squeeze or follow through. That prevents you from jerking the gun before the bullet has left the barrel.

Why should you clean your firearm after each use?

Clean your firearms after every use to keep them in top condition. This will help ensure that the action functions safely and properly and the ammunition performs as it should. Work on a cleared table or bench. Always give cleaning your full attention.

Is a 10-gauge stronger than a 12 gauge?

The 10-Gauge Advantage

775-bore whereas 12s have around . 729), which makes it capable of shooting larger size shot than a 12. It also makes it more deadly at distance because the wider bore allows 10-gauge pellets to arrive at the target all at once.

What is the best gauge for bird hunting?

In general, 12 gauge is preferred for larger game such as late-season pheasant, turkey, and waterfowl, while 20 gauge is fine for smaller game like dove and quail, and is much easier on the shoulder, and easier to hit followup shots with.

What is a 410 gauge shotgun used for?

. 410 shotguns loaded with shot shells are well suited for small game hunting and pest control; including rabbits, squirrels, snakes, rats, and birds. A . 410 loaded with 1/4 ounce slugs is effective against larger animals such as coyotes and deer.